#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>

int8_t is_ascii(char s[]) {
for(int i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i += 1) {
    if((s[i] & 0b10000000) == 0b10000000) {
        return 0; // This 0 means "false"
    }
}
return 1;
}

int8_t width_from_start_byte(char c) {
    if((c & 0b10000000) == 0b00000000) { return 1; } // ASCII = 1 byte
    if((c & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) { return 2; } // 2 byte case
    if((c & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) { return 3; } // 3 byte case
    if((c & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { return 4; } // 3 byte case
    return -1;
}


// Count the number of _code points_ in the string
int32_t utf8_len(char s[]) {
    int byte_index = 0, cp_count = 0;
    while(s[byte_index] != '\0') {
        int width = width_from_start_byte(s[byte_index]);
        // printf("byte_index: %03d; byte: %08hhb; cp_count: %d\n", byte_index, s[byte_index], cp_count);
        byte_index += width; 
        cp_count++;
    }
    return cp_count;
}

void display_bytes(char s[]){
    int i = 0;
    printf("BINARY: ");
    while (s[i] != '\0') { 
        printf("%08b ", (unsigned char) s[i]);
        i++; 
    } 
    i = 0;
    printf("\nHEX: ");
    while (s[i] != '\0') { 
        printf("%02x ", (unsigned char) s[i]);
        i++; 
    } 
    printf("\n");
}

int main() {
    char input[100];
    fgets(input, 100, stdin);
    printf("The input was: %s\n", input);
    printf("The strlen  of input is: %ld\n", strlen(input));
    printf("The utf8len of input is: %d\n", utf8_len(input));
    printf("Is ASCII? %d\n", is_ascii(input));
    printf("Width based on byte 0: %d\n", width_from_start_byte(input[0]));
    display_bytes(input);
}